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This dissertation examines intelligence surveillance of private telecommunications and its compatibility with the international human right to privacy in Art. 17 ICCPR and in Art. 8 ECHR. These articles provide comprehensive protection against the most modern forms of surveillance including bulk interception. Several criteria apply in terms of the foreseeability of the surveillance laws. Telecommunication’s interception should be subject to authorisation and supervision by independent authorities and effective remedies should be available. Moreover, the study analyzes the extent to which the surveilling state and the state of residence violate their human rights obligations in cases of cross-border surveillance. The main question is whether the established definitions of "jurisdiction" are applicable to this extraterritorial scenario. The extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction can also be based on effective control over specific objects relevant to human rights. According to this approach, telecommunications data are objects relevant to individual’s right to correspondence and data protection.

secret service --- spying --- telecommunications

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Conflict in cyberspace is becoming more prevalent in all public and private sectors and is of concern on many levels. As a result, knowledge of the topic is becoming essential across most disciplines. This book reviews and explains the technologies that underlie offensive and defensive cyber operations, which are practiced by a range of cyber actors including state actors, criminal enterprises, activists, and individuals. It explains the processes and technologies that enable the full spectrum of cyber operations. Readers will learn how to use basic tools for cyber security and pen-testing, and also be able to quantitatively assess cyber risk to systems and environments and discern and categorize malicious activity. The book provides key concepts of information age conflict technical basics/fundamentals needed to understand more specific remedies and activities associated with all aspects of cyber operations. It explains techniques associated with offensive cyber operations, with careful distinctions made between cyber ISR, cyber exploitation, and cyber attack. It explores defensive cyber operations and includes case studies that provide practical information, making this book useful for both novice and advanced information warfare practitioners.--

Cyber intelligence (Computer security) --- Cyber spying --- Cyberintelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberspying --- Intelligence, Cyber (Computer security) --- Computer security

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Spies --- Agents, Secret --- Intelligencers (Spies) --- Operatives (Spies) --- Secret agents --- Spooks (Spies) --- Spying --- Subversive activities --- Espionage --- Secret service --- History

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The study explores "the case of national jitters" that occurred in the United States in the years 1938 to 1942 following rumours of the existence of a German Fifth Column movement. It relates how both government and citizens exaggerated what was actually a modest German effort.

Subversive activities --- Espionage --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Spies --- Agents, Secret --- Intelligencers (Spies) --- Operatives (Spies) --- Secret agents --- Spooks (Spies) --- Spying --- Secret service --- History

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At the beginning of World War II, Heinz August L?ning, posing as a Jewish refugee, was sent to Cuba to spy for the Third Reich. L?ning's assignment was to collect information about the United States and its allies and report back to Abwehr, the German foreign intelligence agency. The Caribbean waters L?ning monitored were important to the Allies both for shipping and for deploying ships between the various fronts. Despite some early setbacks, L?ning provided information on naval activities to the Germans. Ultimately, however, L?ning was arrested and became the only Nazi spy executed in Lati

Spies --- Espionage, German --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Agents, Secret --- Intelligencers (Spies) --- Operatives (Spies) --- Secret agents --- Spooks (Spies) --- Spying --- Subversive activities --- Espionage --- Secret service --- German espionage --- Lüning, Heinz,